PARMENIDE ȘI LIMITELE GÂNDIRII: FUNDAMENTAREA ONTOLOGIEI OCCIDENTALE ÎNTRE FIINȚĂ ȘI NEFIINȚĂ

Abstract

This paper examines Parmenides of Elea’s conception of Being, highlighting its decisive role in the development of Western ontology. It investigates the three paths of inquiry proposed by the philosopher — the path of truth, the path of absolute error, and the path of opinion — in order to show that they represent not merely different modes of knowledge, but distinct positions of thought in relation to Being. The study explores how, starting from the impossibility of non-being, Parmenides deduces the essential attributes of Being: unity, continuity, indivisibility, ungeneratedness, imperishability, and immobility. It also discusses the identity between Being and thinking, the relationship between Being, time, and motion, as well as the symbolism of the sphere as an expression of ontological perfection. The contribution of the paper lies in articulating a coherent interpretation of Eleatic logic by integrating classical and modern exegesis into a unified reading of Parmenidean ontology.